The Negative Effect of Pesticides on the Environment Essay

The Negative Effect of Pesticides on the Environment America the Beautiful! So why are we destroying it everyday with the use of pesticides? It has been proven that pesticides have affects on its surrounding, although made to improve earths resources, they typically take there negative effect on the environment in time. Pesticides affect more than the environment; they also affect the animals and humans living in the environment. There are alternative, to this major problem but, we as the caretakers of earth must act fast. In the following paper Im going to share with you what pesticides are. Ill tell you why they are not safe to use and some of the affects of pesticides. Last, I will talk about some new alternatives there are†¦show more content†¦Everyday pesticides are dumped into our environment. Over time most of the pesticides make thier way to a source of water, whether its groundwater or a body of water. According to Lewis Regenstein author of America the Poisoned two thirds of the nations lakes have serious pollu tion problems. 80% of 3,700 urban lakes in the United States are destroyed. More than 94 million residents could use these lakes for recreational use or for a source of water (169). Cincinnatis drinking water contains about 700 chemicals. 90% of them did not exist 20 years ago. The main sources of most of these chemical pollutants are municipal sewage, industrial discharges, and runoffs from farming areas. There are also several other chemicals in Americas drinking water. Although hazardous, there are approximately 60 chemicals that are mixed into water in the process of treating it. Unlike rivers or lakes, underground supplies are not processed at treatment plants before being used by humans. More than one hundred million of our citizens depend in a whole or in part on underground as sources of drinking water (Beck qtd. in Regenstein 172). Once groundwater becomes contaminated, there is usually no way to clean it. Pesticides also have a great affect on the food we consume. F ood is one of the great necessities of life. Yet, a growing amount of evidence indicates that the food supply is being contaminated with pesticides (Mott Snyder vii). These pesticides are most commonlyShow MoreRelatedThe Detremental Effects of DDT Exposed in Silent Spring, by Rachel Carson911 Words   |  4 Pageswidespread use of synthetic pesticides and their impact on the environment. Carson concentrates on a commonly used pesticide in the 1950s called DDT. She opposes the indiscriminate spraying of DDT because it has profound consequences on the environment, humans and animals. Carson collected information about how the DDT can cause cancer in humans, harm animals such as birds and remained in the environment for long periods of time. Subsequently, the chemicals in the pesticides are extremely harmful soRead MoreThe Green Revolution Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesThe Green Revolution Narrowed Topic: Pesticides and the Green Revolution: The impact on the environment and counter- measures. The green revolution technology phenomenon started in Mexico over sixty years ago. The technology which is still relevant today has, forever changed the way agriculture is conducted worldwide. According to Wilson (2005), green revolution technology â€Å"involved using high-yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds, pesticides and fertilizers in addition to irrigation†Read MoreGenetically Modified food should not be banned876 Words   |  3 Pagesus, there are several considerable profits to agriculture, environment and human health. Genetically Modified food should not be banned while they provide benefits to agriculture. The high productivity is creating by Genetically Modified food; the GM crops double the food yield by improves the pesticides and fertilizers in the crops. the productivity gains from G.M. crops, as well as improved use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, allowed the world s farmers to double global food outputRead MorePesticides : A Bee s Nemesis865 Words   |  4 PagesPesticides: A Bee’s Nemesis For many years, companies have been making pesticides for farmers to rid themselves from unwanted pests. However, they are also ridding themselves of the bees who are trying to help and protect the crops. Without having the bees pollinating the crops for the farmers, there is nothing for the vegetation to grow in a healthy process. Pesticides have actually been found by beekeepers and researchers, to be one of the causes for the decrease of bees. An entomologist fromRead More Pesticides Essay1238 Words   |  5 PagesPeople have been abusing the environment for too long. Americans should not use chemicals without researching and considering serious consequences. Rachel Carson, an aquatic biologist who helped shape the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, wrote an article about the damage chemicals are having on the earth. She presented a great point that most damage Americans are causing to the earth cannot be reversed. These chemicals are left in the air or in the ground for generations (Carson 50). AmericansRead MoreBook Review Of Rachel Carsons Silent Spring1687 Words   |  7 Pagesabout environmental issues. The impetus for much of this activism can be identified in a book published by Rachel Carson. Her book, â€Å"Silent Spring,† published in 1962, awakened a large number of Americans to the dangers of chemicals - specifically pesticides. A graduate of Pennsylvania College for Women, Carson was a student of zoology and a lifelong lover of nature. Though she was a prolific author, â€Å"Silent Spring† is arguably Carson’s magnum opus. The book has inspired countless people to rally toRead MoreOrganic Vs Conventional Food Vs Organic Food Essay954 Words   |  4 Pagesapples are so shiny? A coating of shellac is applied to apples to give them a shiny coating, prolonging their shelf life, and prevent bruising. You might reconsider the next time you reach for the shiniest red apple and remember to think about the pesticides that were used to make it that way. Being informed of the benefits of organic food versus those of conventional will enable you to make the best decisions for you and your family. Organic food is an alternative to conventional food. It is marketedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Obligation To Endure By Rachel Carson875 Words   |  4 PagesWith dangerous pesticides becoming more and more prevalent in the late fifties and early sixties, Rachel Carson, an influential writer and scientist, took a stand by writing an extremely controversial essay, â€Å"The Obligation to Endure.† Her writings would go on to pave the way for many improvements in America’s environmental policies, especially concerning pesticides. Despite the significance of this article, some points in her writing stand as outdated with today’s technology and other aspects ofRead MoreNuclear Power Over Our Environment1125 Words   |  5 PagesAbsolute power over our environment has been ceded to the companies that produce genetically modified organisms in Hawaii. â€Å"For the better part of two decades, BASF Plant Science, Dow AgroSciences, DuPont Pioneer, and Syngenta have been dre nching their test crops...with some of the most dangerous synthetic pesticides in use in agriculture today, at an intensity that far surpasses the norm at most other American farms†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Koberstein). Not only have they been present within Hawaii’s agricultural systemRead More Integrated Pests Management: A Safe Alternative to Hazardous Pesticides1634 Words   |  7 PagesIntegrated Pests Management: A Safe Alternative to Hazardous Pesticides       The well being of our everyday day lives are affected by the agriculture industry.   For many years now we have been using pesticides to control the pest population in our crops.   Over the years research has shown that pesticides can cause fatal diseases like cancer.   Pests are also becoming resistant to pesticides.   It is time that we find a new way to rid of pests.   A program called the Integrated Pests Management

The Importance Of Maintaining The Race - 944 Words

On the importance of maintaining the race, George quotes Dr. James G. Needham, a professor of entomology, stating, â€Å"The road to social deterioration runs by way of continued breeding from inferior stock. . . . Devastated cities may be rebuilt again by renewed labor and lost fortunes may be reestablished. . . . But the powers of mind and character eliminated by bad breeding may hardly be restored† (p. 46). Next George offers recommendations for social justice and national greatness (pp. 47-48). They are: 1) Avoid those actions and programs that seem destined to bring about deterioration in the quality of our genetic pool. More specifically, it means the avoidance of any compulsory programs that would tend to bring about the mating of well-endowed, potentially creative people with poorly endowed, uncreative people. [Avoid integration, especially forced integration, especially the forced integration of children.] 2) Adopt programs that have good promise of raising the qual ity of our pool of genes and so increasing the number of able and wise people in our population, since the production of the maximum number of able and wise men seems the surest way to national greatness. 3) Insofar as our knowledge, wisdom, and resources permit, improve the quality of our environment so as to permit and stimulate the fruition of all our good genetic potentialities in order to further increase the chances for the production of wise leaders and able people at all levels. In engineeringShow MoreRelatedInternational Collaborations Reap Benefits for Organizations1683 Words   |  7 Pagescollaborations. Organizations must also provide its employees with the resources needed to manage international collaborations internally and externally. In order to develop international opportunities and collaborations one must recognize the effect that race can have on international collaborations. Individuals are often weary of interacting with other diverse individuals in fear of a cultural misunderstanding coming about. However, it is these misunderstandings that are needed to begin recognizing theRead MoreThe Importance Of Racism1291 Words   |  6 Pagesfelt racism towards them, seen it directed towards others, or felt guilt regarding their race. Because race is easily identifiable, it becomes a calling card that weaves its way into a person’s identification. I am biracial and have been able to interpret how my skin color seems different between people of varying races. Many white people have seemed surprised after hearing my voice because they assumed my race would accompany a different tone. I have been on the outskirts of both black and whiteRead MoreThe On The Euthanasia Program1496 Words   |  6 Pagesdistinc tion must also be made between genetics and eugenics. German scientist Gregor Mendel is known to be the father of genetics. Between the years 1856 to 1863, he conducted groundbreaking research on the inheritance of plant hybrids. While the importance of Mendel’s work was not realized until sixteen years after his death in 1884, he has since been credited for his role in discovering the statistical laws of heredity; from which it was concluded that genetic traits could be transferred from oneRead MoreRecruiting And Staffing Top Quality Employees842 Words   |  4 Pagesthat its organization is diverse, lawful and unbiased. Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, and Wright (2015) defined Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) as laws that prohibit specific types of job discrimination in the workplace involving individuals’ of their race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, or national origin. It is imperative that all regulatory compliances are met when recruiting because if unlawful staffing practices are conducted it can lead to discrimination lawsuits and unwanted penaltiesRead MoreThe Problem Of African American Educational Achievement951 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience faculty and even other students who assume they are an assistant or intern and not the instructor. Second, â€Å"infantilization†, where students feel black women are only experts in the field about Black or Women Studies and they serve as â€Å"race experts† Third is the â€Å"burden of invisibility† where either student, faculty, or administrator, Black women feel as if they are invisible and serve as token piece t hat is present but not used. Last, is hyper-surveillance, where women of color areRead MoreBuilding A Good Relationship With Clients951 Words   |  4 Pagesto a client’s race, ethnicity, or culture the counseling relationship can become even more complex and quite often compromised. Unfortunately, these barriers can be intertwined within many other factors; hence, making it hard to distinguish the relationship between one or the other. Hence, counselors should constantly seek out additional programs of training and knowledge to help them stay current and gain a more in-depth understanding of the needs in an ever changing society. Race, of course, focusesRead MoreThe Role Of Transcultural / Transracial Placement Essay1252 Words   |  6 Pages Currently there is a disproportionate number of minority children in foster care system and as a result, individuals and families of other races or cultures are becoming caregivers and guardians for children of different ethnicities. This is what is known as transcultural/transracial placement and has been a highly controversial happening since the 1970’s and 80’s. The concern amongst social workers and child welfare agencies in transracial placements is the loss of culture or racial identityRead MoreThe Wilmington Riots Of 1898845 Words   |  4 PagesWar, the struggle between the black and white races is far from over. The white race insists on maintaining complete control in every aspect of society, including personal matters. They are constantly demanding that the black community serve them. On the other end, the black race is struggling to survive the harsh conditions the white-dominated society imposes on them. Throughout the novel, Chesnutt reminds us of the ongoing battle between the two races. At the same time, Chesnutt explores the effectRead MoreRace, Race And Racism Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesProject Description: This project is comprised of rhetorical commentary overview, that is used to examine and develop a better understanding of the terms, race and racism in society (critical race theory) (Stefancic and Delgado 1995, 177). By using the critical race theory and examining incidents of police misconduct, this will determine whether or not race plays a crucial factor. Additionally, this project encompasses a vast knowledge of the criminal justice system and the police departments of the UnitedRead MoreLabor Unions During The Civil War1405 Words   |  6 Pageseconomy boom. Following the war, labor unions finally reached public popularity within the 1930-1950’s, and then again began to slowly decrease, through the 1960’s and on to today’s times. Although, the popularity of labor unions has decreased, its importance remains to be evident with politics, journalism, auto, and the public education industries. Firstly, unions have a long-standing history of standing up for employees and employee’s rights. The main idea and objective of the labor movement started

What is Big Data Free Essays

It’s a platform managed under the Apache Software Foundation, and it’s an open source, and it’s deal with big data and give the result in very short time . â€Å"It allows to work with structured and unstructured data arrays of dimension from 10 to 100 Gb and even more†[ (V.Burunova)] And its structer is a group of clusters or one , each of them contains groups of nodes too and each cluster has two type of node name node and data node name node is a unique node on cluster and it knows any data block location on cluster and Data node is the remining node in cluster . We will write a custom essay sample on What is Big Data? or any similar topic only for you Order Now and that have done by using a set of servers which called a cluster. Hadoop has two layers cooperate together , first layer is MapReduce and it task is divided data processing across multiple servers and the second one is Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and its task is storing data on multiple clusters and these data are separated as a set of blocks. Hadoop make sure the work is correct on clusters and it can detect and retrieve any error or failure for one or more of connecting nodes and by this way Hadoop efforts increasing in core processing and storage size and high availability. â€Å"Hadoop is usually used in a large cluster or a public cloud service such as Yahoo!, Facebook, Twitter, and Amazon† [ (Hadeer Mahmoud, 2018)]. Hadoop’s Features:Scalable:Hadoop able to work with huge applications and it can run ,analyze, store, process, distribute large amount of data across thousands of nodes and servers which handle thousands terabytes of data or more, also it can add additional nodes to clusters And these servers work parallel. Hadoop better than traditional relational database systems because (RDBMS) can’t expand to deal with huge data..Single write Multiple read :The data on cluster can be read from multiple source at the same time .Data avalibility:when data is sent to a Data node, that Hadoop creates multiple copies of data on other nodes in the cluster, to keep data available if there a failure on one of nodes on cluster. How to cite What is Big Data?, Papers

Organizational Competencies and Dynamic †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Competencies and Dynamic. Answer: Introduction The present day firms embrace a sound and smaller focus towards their clients by principally using the procedure of information mining and this is comprehensive of back, retailing, correspondence and promoting. There exist different risks and promises for the use of vat information pools (Fitriati Mulyani 2015). The procedure if affectability has even progressed with the present time that allows the clients to have information and control of their material condition for the expectation of increase in the security, exactness and efficiency. The procedure of data evaluation is the component for building the final results for the information by the examination of the information pool sets. This is attempted with the assistance of the inventive programming and handling framework. The business associations use these technologies and components of information analytics (Hui and Chang 2016). With the assistance of these methods, the organizations can improve their business exercises, in this manner raise their benefits and client benefit quality, and augment their showcasing strategies. The utilization of the information investigation and information mining framework helps the organizations to raise their business performance and get competitive benefit over their opponent firms. The usage of the information investigation types helps the corporate workers and the administration with the basic execution pointers and the data about the purchasers and the exercises of the business (Ives and Learmonth 2013). An immense number of utilizations are finished by the organizations and along these lines, it is seen that the organizations bolster the utilization of information examination. The online web based business ventures and e-commerce organizations perceive the people who visit their sites with the product known as the snap stream assessment (Prasad and Green 2015). These methods of assessment bolster the administration giving businesses in perceiving the patterns of their site visit and the odds of the buyers to buy a particular item or administration by depending on the site routing. Then again, data mining is an assortment of information investigation hardware. An organization has the ability to use the information about their clients and resources by abusing the information logical system. The procedure of information investigation has picked up unmistakable quality as of late and is along these lines under thought among different business firms. The information investigative components are critical for the organizations keeping in mind the end goal to dynamic in the market (Taheri et al., 2016). It is realized that with the coming of globalization, the vast majority of the associations work and battle in the worldwide market and hence it ends up plainly urgent for them to convey quick activities. It is essential for the administration of the organizations to comprehend the unlimited information volume before they embrace the procedure of decision-making. The business insight of the administration and the other related gatherings required in decision-making is fundamental as it helps in the execution of the most proper choice inside the association (Braha 2013). With the change in the nature of the information, mobility in deals, simplicity of openness and business judgment skills, the organizations are fit for expanding their income when the measure of return rises. The administration is given important information and data to execute a proficient basic decision making. With a specific end goal to do as such, various assets are used for the sifting and the acquiring of the data by making utilization of different tools of information examination. The utilization of productive and exact tools for information investigation helps the organizations in picking up learning about the acquiring patterns of the shoppers, the open doors for extension, necessities of the customers and to expand their contending power (Fan et al., 2014). There are various types of tools available information investigation that are accessible in the market and it helps for the development of the report by abusing the practical element of information assessment and consequently bolsters in speaking with the information that are accessible inside the report. Information mining is a comparable method as it empowers a firm to obtain more intensive look into the hierarchical examp le and the pattern of the purchasers. It is crucial for the organizations to know about the capacity of information investigation that are connected with the system of basic leadership by focusing on the development of chances for the companies. The procedure of information mining makes utilization of an assortment of viewpoints for the assessment of the data. It even incorporates the summation of the information that is used by the organizations to diminish the related expenses and to raise the benefits for the organizations. The information explanatory and data-mining clients have the capacity of examining the data from different degrees by broadening and developing a summary of the connections that have been perceived (Gandhi and Armstrong 2016). An high level of configurations and databases are gathered by the organizations in the present world for the procedure of information assessment. The relations that have perceived alongside the patterns and relations are useful for the development of usable information. For instance, the items that are to be sold and the right time of offer are assessed by breaking down the data that are accessible from the exchange data from the point sales perspective. The connections among the different inside elements like value, item situating, worker abilities, and the outward components like demography, indicators to the economy and rivalry in the market can be acknowledged with the assistance of data mining. Consequently, the organizations can perceive the effect of sales, income and satisfaction of the buyers. The exchange data that is particular is seen with the data summation with help of bringing out the final products (Kop et al., 2015). Identification of the ethical implication of obtaining and storing of the customer information The ethical accountabilities of a firm is basic for the controlling and keeping up the database of the shoppers. The ethical accountabilities affect the customers to put stock in organizations. The ethical duties are developed as it aides in examining the customer databases from three different viewpoints that falls under the commitments that are appropriated among the shoppers and the representatives of an organization. It is even observed that the organizations are working in the economy to ensure and secure the client databases of being offered away to some other sources where these data can be used. The component of support from the clients even falls under the moral obligation (Witten et al., 2016). It is the obligation of the shoppers to deal with their databases by taking a look at the buy of products and enterprises and return of a given associations. The hierarchical workers are jumped ethically not to reveal the client data unless it is essential for the concerned organization or the customer himself (Zhao 2015). It is the obligation of the purchasers not to unveil the individual data of the shoppers to different gatherings and ought to dependably give the exact and precise information when required by the customers themselves. The representative even observes that there are certain general data that is available and individual data stays disguised from being used. It is one of the significant commitments of the representatives (Fan et al., 2014). The most noteworthy conduct of the shoppers is the maintenance of security with regard to the information accumulated in volume. The associations principally through the medicinal services frameworks, instructive frameworks and from business and amusement employments gather the data about the customers. The purchasers convey their data as it is obligatory for them to submit them amid any difficulties (Jain and Srivastava 2013). It is seen that the limitless volume of information are the for the most part connected with risks. The procedure of accuracy and dependability is even a concern for a firm when an organization embraces a choice to make critical changes by taking a look at the database. It is on account of the data accessible in the database may not be precise. Notwithstanding, it is seen that tremendous data can be used to separate among the examination from the quick and efficient covering structure (Chaurasia and Pal 2013). As per Han et al., (2013) it is difficult to stop the presentation of any imaginative and new thoughts and components into business however that does not prevent us from changing and changing the approaches of protection as then it might affect the relationship among the customers and the companies at the conclusion, which is not invaluable. The level of straightforwardness decreases with the presentation of perplexing and troublesome items yet straightforwardness can be kept up if the strategies are changed on a successive premise in this way keep up the trust and confidence of the buyers and the affiliations are even controlled and kept up (Palaniappan and Awang 2013). The disclosure of the way that the purchasers are truly doing the employment or the clients are getting amazed is truly an extreme occupation. Accordingly, it is vital that the utilization of morals is done while gathering client information. Conclusion The paper explains the procedure of information mining and the information investigation devices. The following period of the paper examines about the ethical ramifications that are fundamental for the gathering and putting away of client data. The paper in this segment finds the fundamental part and along these lines, it is the obligation of the organizations to advise the purchasers about which some portion of their data is really utilized for any reason with the goal that it decreases the cost of cash and time and subsequently expanding the fulfilment level of the customers. Reference List Braha, D. (Ed.). (2013).Data mining for design and manufacturing: methods and applications(Vol. 3). Springer Science Business Media. Chaurasia, V., Pal, S. (2013). Early prediction of heart diseases using data mining techniques.Carib. j. SciTech,1, 208-217. Fan, C., Xiao, F., Wang, S. (2014). Development of prediction models for next-day building energy consumption and peak power demand using data mining techniques.Applied Energy,127, 1-10. Fan, C., Xiao, F., Wang, S. (2014). Development of prediction models for next-day building energy consumption and peak power demand using data mining techniques.Applied Energy,127, 1-10. Fitriati, A., Mulyani, S. (2015). Factors that affect accounting information system success and its implication on accounting information quality.Asian Journal of Information Technology,14(5), 154-161. Gandhi, N., Armstrong, L. J. (2016, October). Rice crop yield forecasting of tropical wet and dry climatic zone of India using data mining techniques. InAdvances in Computer Applications (ICACA), IEEE International Conference on(pp. 357-363). IEEE. Han, J., Pei, J., Kamber, M. (2013).Data mining: concepts and techniques. Elsevier. Hui, Q., Chang, S. (2016, March). Accounting Safety System in E-Commerce and Its Application. InMeasuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA), 2016 Eighth International Conference on(pp. 63-66). IEEE. Ives, B., Learmonth, G. P. (2013). The information system as a competitive weapon.Communications of the ACM,27(12), 1193-1201. Jain, N., Srivastava, V. (2013). Data mining techniques: a survey paper.IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology,2(11), 2319-1163. Kop, R., Hoogendoorn, M., Moons, L. M., Numans, M. E., ten Teije, A. (2015, June). On the advantage of using dedicated data mining techniques to predict colorectal cancer. InConference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine in Europe(pp. 133-142). Springer International Publishing. Palaniappan, S., Awang, R. (2013, March). Intelligent heart disease prediction system using data mining techniques. InComputer Systems and Applications, 2008. AICCSA 2008. IEEE/ACS International Conference on(pp. 108-115). IEEE. Prasad, A., Green, P. (2015). Organizational competencies and dynamic accounting information system capability: impact on AIS processes and firm performance.Journal of Information Systems,29(3), 123-149. Taheri, S., Momeni, A. R., Hashemi, H. (2016). Analyzing The Result Of The Effect Of Information Technology On Qualitative Features Of Information In Accounting.Journal of Current Research in Science, (1), 623. Witten, I. H., Frank, E., Hall, M. A., Pal, C. J. (2016).Data Mining: Practical machine learning tools and techniques. Morgan Kaufmann. Zhao, Y. (2015). Data mining techniques.

Racial or ethnical discrimination

Even though some people state that racial or ethnical discrimination and prejudice are issues of the past, there is still double standard in the US society. Ethnic minorities have to face various issues related to prejudice or discrimination. It is possible to consider the concepts of discrimination and prejudice from different theoretical perspectives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Racial or ethnical discrimination specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the first place, these concepts can be considered in term of the conflict theory. According to the conflict theory, people struggle for resources and the society develops in terms of this struggle. Thus, European Americans tend to think that ethnic minorities can take certain jobs away. This prejudice exists in the society especially when it comes to Asian Americans. There is a prejudice that Asian immigrants come and occupy posts which could be taken by Americans (Cheng Yang 290). At the same time, minorities tend to stress that whites control all spheres of the US society. People of color argue that whites have taken all major positions in the society and such concepts as ‘double-standard’ and ‘glass ceiling’ are common for minorities. Such events as the case of Rodney King prove that the conflict exists (Blauner 272). Notably, some people who find themselves in uncertain position (e.g. experience financial constraints) tend to share discriminative practices. However, those who are well-off are not afraid of competition and strive for discrimination-free society. As far as psychological perspective, prejudice can be explained by the theory of stereotyping. Thus, people tend to stereotype. This is a psychological peculiarity of the human being. If an individual sees several (or even one) German who likes beer very much, he/she develops a stereotype concerning Germans’ attitude towards this beverage. Likewis e, there are various examples of prejudice. African-Americans are often thought to work as low-paid employees or even to be gangsters. Philippine females are often believed to work as maids. At present, young people are taught to be free from stereotypes though people are still vulnerable. It is also possible to see discrimination and prejudice from symbolic interactionist perspective. According to this theory, minority groups cannot see themselves as a part of a larger group if they are not seen as similar by the majority group. Admittedly, ethnicity is what makes people different in terms of their skin color, mindsets, traditions, etc. (Blauner 279).Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Different groups of people remain somewhat hostile to others, as this is a part of the human perception. Others are seen as different and hostile. Discrimination as well as prejudice can be regarded as a typ e of self-defense when the majority group tries to defend itself from the influence of the ‘others’, i.e. minority groups. Therefore, it is essential to promote the concepts of equality and cooperation to make people free from the concept of ‘otherness’. In conclusion, it is possible to note that discrimination and prejudice can be considered in terms of conflict theory, theory of stereotypes and symbolic interactionist perspective. According to these sociological and psychological perspectives discrimination and prejudice are indispensible parts of the human society as it is. However, there is a way to get rid of these concepts. People should try to develop understanding that all are equal irrespective of their ethnic background. Globalization is one of the factors that can help people understand that. The differences between ethnicities become insignificant when people start thinking about more global issues like environment, diseases, natural disasters, resources distribution, etc. People should understand that cooperation (i.e. the end of discrimination and prejudice) is the way to build global society which can cope with global issues. Works Cited Blauner, Bob: â€Å"Talking Past Each Other: The Black and White Languages of Race.† Cheng, Lucie and Philip Q. Yang: â€Å"Asians: The’ Model Minority’ Deconstructed†. This essay on Racial or ethnical discrimination was written and submitted by user Lydia Bradford to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Langston Hughes Essays

Langston Hughes Essays Langston Hughes Essay Langston Hughes Essay Essay Topic: Langston Hughes Poems The Poems of Ted Hughes Name: Course: Lecturer: Date: Langston Hughes His works have endured for long, and he has served as an inspiration to many. I believe that you should include Langston Hughes the next time you teach this class. He was one of the most noticeable personalities of the Harlem renaissance. Hughes was born in 1902, and he died of health complications in 1967 after a life of struggle and noted accomplishments. Hughes childhood was eventful. He was born in Missouri, but his parents divorced when he was still a child. His grandmother raised him in Kansas, after his father moved out of the country, and his mother moved to various places around the country looking for work. It was not until he was twelve years old that he went to live with his mother in Illinois. The family would later move to Ohio. Hughes began writing at an early age. He showed his talent while he was still in school, where he wrote poems and the school newspaper. He was diversified in his work. Rather than specialize in a specific genre, he chose to diversify his interes ts in poetry, children’s books, autobiographies, novels, plays, and essays. Hughes was proud to identify himself as a black American. He lived at a time when there was an increase in the issue of black pride. African Americans were not afraid to voice their concerns or fight for their rights. Hughes wrote a lot about this. He had enrolled at Columbia University, but he had to drop out. He would later attend Lincoln University, where he was able to complete his education. He traveled to Africa and Europe, and he returned with more confidence and pride concerning his black heritage (Tracy 9). He would often write about his life, and the life of others around him. Some of his poems include â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers†, â€Å"The Negro Mother† and â€Å"Montage of a Dream Deferred†. Other works included the essay â€Å"The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain†, where he emphasized the importance of black racial pride, and the play â€Å"Mulatto†. He also wrote autobiographies such as â€Å"I Wonder as I Wander†. His poems and other works reflected his quest for justice and equality. He also spoke against racial segregation. Despite the seriousness of the issues he wrote of, he included humor in his work. Hughes was a jazz poet. His first volume of jazz poems was the â€Å"Weary Blues†, and this earned him recognition in the literary world (Haugen 72). Hughes was a diversified writer, but he was consistent in his writing. The future class seeks to benefit from studying and discussing his works. Hughes was especially sensitive to the suffering of the lower class black American. He did not color his work with flowery language, but he wrote the reality. The future class will benefit by having a realistic view concerning life for the African American before the realization of racial equality in the country. In addition, Hughes used simple language and grammar, and this makes his work easy to read and understand. Hughes was inspired by other writers, both black and white. However, he was not afraid of differing with them concerning the issues he felt were not justified or fair. For instance, one of his inspirations was W. E. B. Dubois, who supported racial segregation. Hughes was not afraid to differ with him concerning the issue, and his work â€Å"Jim Crow’s Last Stand† reflected this (Tracy 10). Hughes’ work reflects why people consider him an outstanding author. He managed to cross obstacles and barriers that were naturally present because of his race. He was able to venture and succeed into new territories as a jazz poet. He had many lists of significant works. In addition to the mentioned works, he also wrote the â€Å"Simple† series, with titles such as â€Å"Simple Speaks his Mind†. Hughes not only fits in the Harlem renaissance movement, but he also helps define it. The literary movement began some time after the First World War and the beginning of the great depression. At this time, African American intellectuals, musicians, and literary artists flourished in the north, especially in the Harlem area of New York. Hughes has had mixed reactions from critics. Some have opposed him strongly, while others have spoken of him favorably, depending on the content of his work. Like the great literary artist he is, Hughes has not let this limit his creative abilities and ingenuity, and this has made his work enduring over the years. Haugen, Brenda. Langston Hughes: The Voice of Harlem. Minneapolis, MN: Compass Point Books, 2006. Print Tracy, C. Steven. A Historical Guide to Langston Hughes. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Print

Discussion board 2 org dyn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion board 2 org dyn - Essay Example Simms et al. (1994) note that understanding organizational dynamics and human behavior helps to better develop the conceptualization of the organization’s life, which is the main goal of all theorists of organizations. Understanding human behavior within an organizational can help the leader understand the interests of his/her followers and hence effectively position them in the various labor divisions. This leads to increased productivity, besides increasing workers commitment and satisfaction. When workers are allocated in their areas of interest, they work hard leading to increased organizational performance and hence profits. This ensures that the companies are able to survive the tough economic times without major difficulties. This knowledge is also valuable in helping an organization to enjoy a competitive edge as well as well as improve it decision making. According to Shuler (2009), understanding human behavior and organizational dynamics helps a leader to build an enterprise that entails a wide analytical capability which is more important than having laboring professionals who have no sense of direction. Analytical analysis of employees’ talents at all levels provides valuable da ta that leaders can use to make decisions in the organization, thus generating good business results. A business also faces various challenges from its dynamic nature. These include profits, losses, high demand for its products, and few market and product competition among others. Therefore, understanding these dynamics and their cycle in the business can effectively help a leader to predict and plan for such changes in advance. This knowledge can be used by the leader to make decision that will maximize the benefits and minimize losses as much as possible. Such results produce good financial reports for the organization, which it can use to access financial support

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 2

Leadership - Essay Example To become an effective leader, it is crucial on the part of the manager to be able to find the type of leadership approach that works best for them. Often times, choosing the best leadership style depends on the manager’s personality, characteristic, working environment and the team members. The focus of this study is to gather primary and secondary research as a way of determining the qualifications of a good leader. The first part of the paper will address the problem statement by conducting a literature review with regards to the qualifications of effective leaders. The second part of the paper will gather primary research data by conducting an actual research survey. In the process of presenting the primary data, the research survey methodology which consists of five relevant questions will be tackled in details. Based on the gathered primary and secondary research information, a proposed leadership model will be constructed prior to the conclusion and recommendations. Leadership is about the ability of a person to make his/her subordinate follow and adapt with useful changes within or outside the work place. Since it takes a special interpersonal influence and motivational skills to enable a manager to effectively mould and convert a group of employee into becoming a responsible and efficient subordinate, it remains a challenge on the part of each manager to be able to identify the qualities of a good leader. A leader can easily become an effective manager. However, not all managers are capable of becoming good leaders. For this reason, the main purpose of the research study is to increase the knowledge of the managers with regards to the essential qualities that makes up a good leader. A good leader needs to have a combination of wisdom, integrity, sensitivity, and tenacity (WITS). (van Maurik, 1994) The author mentioned that a good leader must have these traits to be able to have a clear vision of the

Political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Political science - Essay Example In fact, he forgot why he was there and for how long, content to sip on the draught Lazuli poured him and smoke his thin long pipe for which he found more weed in the vegetation around than he could have used. He did not ask who she was and how she came to be in this remote deep, in fact he asked no questions at all, just listened to the murmur of Lazulis voice that held all the music of lapping waves, of sighing trees and the whistling wind, and never thought to interrupt. To talk would ruin this effortless tune, and he let it be. Lazuli had cattle, which Valar now took under his charge, and they flourished. But his eyes were only for her. He waited for a token of affection, a hushed word, a slanted look, but he got none from Lazuli. Mornings became evenings, evenings to nights, and nights became mornings again, and this went on for the space of many moons. Of an evening when Valar would want to chat by the fireside and charm Lazuli with one tale or another, he would soon be drowsy and find himself falling asleep. Lazuli would laughingly send him off to sleep, and the first rays of the Sun would gently prod his face to wakefulness the next morning. And so Valars heart kept its own counsel, longing to speak out, yet unable to do so. Months, years passed. Valar now had speckles of gray on his dark head, he could no longer run after the cattle as he used to. But the gold on Lazulis head had waned not a bit, and she continued to smile at him each morning with her young carnation lips and old turquoise eyes. Fording an unfamiliar stream one day in order to take the cattle to better pastures, Valar came across a still pool, shimmering in the sunlight, his clear reflection upon it. He had begun to feel his age, and he saw it now. The urge took him to accost Lazuli now, to confess his love for her this very moment, and learn of her will, before his age caught up. At a mad pace he ran, till he came to Lazulis cottage. He found her bending over a spindle, hard at

PR1MA Group Housing Affordability

PR1MA Group Housing Affordability AFFORDABILITY RATE AMONG PR1MA RECIPIENTS IN PUTRAJAYA, MALAYSIA Nur Aini Syafawani Binti Umar1 ,Shirley Tan2 and Mohd Zairul bin Mohd Nor3 Master of Architecture (M. Arch) Faculty of Design and Architecture University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Abstract A house is one of the basic important needs for humans. According to Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), Article 17, Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. Affordable housing is housing that balance with the average household income and as the rule of thumb, housing is considered affordable if the costs is less than 30% of gross household income. The increasing in housing prices cause imbalance between housing affordability and household income which has becomes the dilemmas for the young starters to buy their first house. Malaysian government has introduced several affordable housing policies to facilitate home ownership among different groups of household income. However, the policies which only benefit the low-income household group have neglected the needs for affordable housing for middle income group. PR1MA housing policy is one of the methods of policies aimed at ensuring that all eligible Malaysians are given chance towar ds home ownership. Therefore, this study is to investigate the rate of affordability among young home owner of PR1MA in Federal Territory of Putrajaya using the survey method; pilot survey, a preliminary survey to gather information in smaller scale and personal interview survey to explore the responses of the respondents to gather deeper information towards understanding factors influencing rate of affordability. The findings establish that the main housing issue faced by the middle-income groups are housing price and household expenditure. Hence, it is recommended to address these issues in designing an affordable scheme for the middle-income groups based on the findings of the study. Keywords: housing, affordability 1.0 INTRODUCTION In the recent years, rapid economic development has leads to population growth and this has resulted in the increasing demand for residential housing at urban city in Malaysia. The increasing of housing prices has become the dilemma of the young starters which falls under middle income group to buy their first house. Most of the young starters are having difficulties to secure a mortgage from the final institution. Despite many assistance from the government to assist the young starters to own their dream house, the affordable issue still haunting the target group for realizing their dreams. The main purpose of this paper is to study the rate of affordability among eligible young starters for PR1MA program. The Government of Malaysia aware that housing is a basic need for every citizen and is an important element in contributing for the urban economy. PR1MA housing policy is one of the methods of policies aimed at ensuring that all eligible Malaysians are given chance towards home ownership. According to general PR1MA guidelines, those eligible to apply for PR1MA homes are Malaysians owning not more than one home and having a gross household income of not more than RM7, 500 per month. The PR1MA apartments in Putrajaya were certainly popular with over 7,000 applications received for 560 apartments (PR1MAs website, 2017). As a result, PR1MA housing in Putrajaya was chosen as our pilot study and this study aims to investigate the rate of affordability among the young starter who are eligible for the PR1MA housing program. Therefore, the objectives of the present study are: To identify the average household income expenditure among young starter who are eligible to apply PR1MA houses. To identify the affordability issue over PR1MA housing price among young starter 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Affordability means differently to renters and owners. Although every group in the housing market is affected by the mortgage rates, owners are affected much more as compare to the renters (CVRDs Regional Growth Strategy, 2016). Several studies or research have been done to understand what does affordable housing mean in this context. The definition of affordable housing is the subject of different analyses and debates among experts (Baqutaya, 2016). Upon the debates, definition of affordable housing is a housing that is considered affordable if the debt service ratio is 30% of the income expenditure (Zairul, 2017). Families that pay more, especially lower and medium income families, are considered cost burdened because they may have difficulty paying for non-housing needs such as food, clothing, transportation, childcare, and medical care (Gary Pivo, 2013). Rate of affordability was measured by house price to income ratio according to Median Multiple methodology (Cagamas, 2013). The definition of affordability is essential before further analyzing the root cause of housing affordability. Issues relating to affordable housing has becomes a dilemmas among low and middle income group. The root cause of affordability among the group was due to the increase of non-housing expenditure by 4.7% based on the Consumer Price Index (Cagamas, 2013). Affordability is mainly defined by the relationship between household expenditure and income. Many authors (Yates and Gabriel, 2006; Carney and Boyle, 2004) argues that housing affordability is affected by the distribution of house prices, household incomes and the structure of financing costs.  Based on the growth of current housing scenario in Malaysia, the issue has been underpinned by the interface of three forces; growing population, high rates of urbanization and growing economy. The imbalance between demand and supply, particularly in the affordable housing segment, has contributed to a high increase in housing prices. This has compounded housing affordability issues, particularly for the low and middle income population (Eco nomic Developments, 2015). Malaysian government has introduced several affordable housing policies to facilitate home ownership among different groups of household income. However, little is done to attend the needs of the middle income group. Despite economic growth, 60% of the middle income group is young starters and majority of their income level falls under lower middle category (Dr. Azriyati, Dr. Rosly and Dr Kuppusamy, 2013). The increasing in housing prices, household expenditure and the lacking of more affordable housing policies AFFORDABILITY RATE AMONG PR1MA RECIPIENTS IN PUTRAJAYA, MALAYSIA Nur Aini Syafawani Binti Umar1 ,Shirley Tan2 and Mohd Zairul bin Mohd Nor3 Master of Architecture (M. Arch) Faculty of Design and Architecture University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Abstract A house is one of the basic important needs for humans. According to Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), Article 17, Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. Affordable housing is housing that balance with the average household income and as the rule of thumb, housing is considered affordable if the costs is less than 30% of gross household income. The increasing in housing prices cause imbalance between housing affordability and household income which has becomes the dilemmas for the young starters to buy their first house. Malaysian government has introduced several affordable housing policies to facilitate home ownership among different groups of household income. However, the policies which only benefit the low-income household group have neglected the needs for affordable housing for middle income group. PR1MA housing policy is one of the methods of policies aimed at ensuring that all eligible Malaysians are given chance towar ds home ownership. Therefore, this study is to investigate the rate of affordability among young home owner of PR1MA in Federal Territory of Putrajaya using the survey method; pilot survey, a preliminary survey to gather information in smaller scale and personal interview survey to explore the responses of the respondents to gather deeper information towards understanding factors influencing rate of affordability. The findings establish that the main housing issue faced by the middle-income groups are housing price and household expenditure. Hence, it is recommended to address these issues in designing an affordable scheme for the middle-income groups based on the findings of the study. Keywords: housing, affordability 1.0 INTRODUCTION In the recent years, rapid economic development has leads to population growth and this has resulted in the increasing demand for residential housing at urban city in Malaysia. The increasing of housing prices has become the dilemma of the young starters which falls under middle income group to buy their first house. Most of the young starters are having difficulties to secure a mortgage from the final institution. Despite many assistance from the government to assist the young starters to own their dream house, the affordable issue still haunting the target group for realizing their dreams. The main purpose of this paper is to study the rate of affordability among eligible young starters for PR1MA program. The Government of Malaysia aware that housing is a basic need for every citizen and is an important element in contributing for the urban economy. PR1MA housing policy is one of the methods of policies aimed at ensuring that all eligible Malaysians are given chance towards home ownership. According to general PR1MA guidelines, those eligible to apply for PR1MA homes are Malaysians owning not more than one home and having a gross household income of not more than RM7, 500 per month. The PR1MA apartments in Putrajaya were certainly popular with over 7,000 applications received for 560 apartments (PR1MAs website, 2017). As a result, PR1MA housing in Putrajaya was chosen as our pilot study and this study aims to investigate the rate of affordability among the young starter who are eligible for the PR1MA housing program. Therefore, the objectives of the present study are: To identify the average household income expenditure among young starter who are eligible to apply PR1MA houses. To identify the affordability issue over PR1MA housing price among young starter 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Affordability means differently to renters and owners. Although every group in the housing market is affected by the mortgage rates, owners are affected much more as compare to the renters (CVRDs Regional Growth Strategy, 2016). Several studies or research have been done to understand what does affordable housing mean in this context. The definition of affordable housing is the subject of different analyses and debates among experts (Baqutaya, 2016). Upon the debates, definition of affordable housing is a housing that is considered affordable if the debt service ratio is 30% of the income expenditure (Zairul, 2017). Families that pay more, especially lower and medium income families, are considered cost burdened because they may have difficulty paying for non-housing needs such as food, clothing, transportation, childcare, and medical care (Gary Pivo, 2013). Rate of affordability was measured by house price to income ratio according to Median Multiple methodology (Cagamas, 2013). The definition of affordability is essential before further analyzing the root cause of housing affordability. Issues relating to affordable housing has becomes a dilemmas among low and middle income group. The root cause of affordability among the group was due to the increase of non-housing expenditure by 4.7% based on the Consumer Price Index (Cagamas, 2013). Affordability is mainly defined by the relationship between household expenditure and income. Many authors (Yates and Gabriel, 2006; Carney and Boyle, 2004) argues that housing affordability is affected by the distribution of house prices, household incomes and the structure of financing costs.  Based on the growth of current housing scenario in Malaysia, the issue has been underpinned by the interface of three forces; growing population, high rates of urbanization and growing economy. The imbalance between demand and supply, particularly in the affordable housing segment, has contributed to a high increase in housing prices. This has compounded housing affordability issues, particularly for the low and middle income population (Eco nomic Developments, 2015). Malaysian government has introduced several affordable housing policies to facilitate home ownership among different groups of household income. However, little is done to attend the needs of the middle income group. Despite economic growth, 60% of the middle income group is young starters and majority of their income level falls under lower middle category (Dr. Azriyati, Dr. Rosly and Dr Kuppusamy, 2013). The increasing in housing prices, household expenditure and the lacking of more affordable housing policies  for the middle group declining the rate of affordability for home ownership. Towards resolving affordable housing issues, the National Housing Policy (NHP) has been established to outline the direction and form the basis for the planning and development of the housing sector at the federal, state, and local levels (10th Malaysia Plan, 2009). The NHP is introduced to provide sufficient and affordable houses to improve the well-being of the people as well as tackling the issues and challenges faced by the housing industry today (Dato Ahmad, 2009). However, the NHP targeting on the affordability issue for all level of income group which is the low and middle income group. Targeting on the middle income group, the type of available affordable housing scheme by the government is as follows: Table 1: Schemes for middle income group in Malaysia. Adapted from: Zairul (2017) My First Home Scheme (SRP) PR1MA PPA1M Eligibility Income limit for individual loans from RM 3,000 to RM5,000 per month or joint household incomes for up to RM10,000 per month. Eligibility to own property costs up to RM400,000 Malaysian citizen Total individual or household income (husband wife) between RM2,500 to RM15,000 monthly Single or Married Owns no more than 1 property between the applicants and applicants spouse, if any RM90,000-RM120,000 (joint income and not more than RM6000) RM150,000-RM220,000 (joint income not more than RM10,000) RM221,000-RM260,000 (joint income not more than RM10,000) 18-35 years old and first-time buyers 21 years old and above 18-60 years old (for government servant only) Table 1 shows the available schemes for middle income group in Malaysia. Most of the middle income group consists of young starters who could not afford to buy their first house and at the same time, they are not eligible for low cost housing. This study will focus on the PR1MA housing policy which is aimed at ensuring the middle income group are given chance towards home ownership. In conclusion, affordability expresses the challenge each household faces in balancing the household income and household expenditure. Affordable housing schemes launched by the government was to promote affordability in all levels of income group. Towards realizing of home ownership, little has been done to cater the needs of housing for the middle income group. Even though the middle income group are eligible for purchasing affordable house from the affordable housing scheme, but their affordability does not depends only on the eligibility but also influenced by the household expenditure. It is important for the government to revise the term affordability to ensure the affordable housing scheme is able to balance with the income level of the group. 3.0 METHODOLOGY The study was conducted by three methods: 1) desk review; 2) process analysis; 3) in-depth interview. This paper started by first understanding the definition of affordability through the method of desk review by searching relevant information on the meaning of affordability in local context. The definition of affordable housing is the subject of different analyses and debates among experts (Baqutaya, 2016). The source of reading materials was also searched through desk review. Types of affordable housing scheme available, the eligibility of the policies related, and the current issue of housing affordability was focused in this method. The second method was process analysis which involves the collection of data through questionnaire survey and in-depth interview. The questionnaire survey were done among the young home owners of PR1MA in Putrajaya to determine age, occupation, and income bracket. In-depth interview was carried out to further study and is essential to review on factors influencing housing affordability among young starters. Thus, the questions were more detail and specified on the household expenses and in-depth understanding about affordability. 4.0 DATA ANALYSIS This survey divided the study into two sections; The income category of current young starters as home owners of PR1MA affordable house unit and, The category household size of the young starter. The survey with young starters involved two sessions, starting with a pilot study conducted among the young home owners of PR1MA house in Putrajaya. The next session involved an in-depth interview with the young starters to study the factors that would influence the rate of affordability. The pilot study was conducted to determine age, occupation, and income bracket. Criteria for the selection of the respondents included the following: 1) young professionals age between 21 to 35 years old; household income or combined income not exceeding RM7500 monthly; 3) home owner of PR1MA house in Putrajaya. Total number of young starter respondents from the current PR1MA home owners according to income category surveyed is as shown in Table 1. From the survey conducted, 60% of the respondents with household income range from RM2500 to RM4000, 20% range from RM4001 to RM6000, 10% with income ranging RM6001 to RM7000 and 10% from RM7000 to RM7500. Table 2: Distribution of Young Starter Survey PR1MA Respondents by Household Income Income Category Number of response Percentage RM2500-RM4000 6 60% RM4001-RM6000 2 20% RM6001-RM7000 1 10% RM7001-RM7500 1 10% Total 10 100% The second session with the young starters involves an in-depth interview. During the interview session, the emphasis was on the factors influencing the rate of affordability. The category of household size of the young starter determines the percentage of household expenses from household income monthly. The interview feedback was used to study 1) the price of PR1MA house bought, 2) types of household expenses involved monthly, 3) alternative used by the young home owners to lessen mortgage burden. Table 3 shows the household size of the current young starter of PR1MA home owners. 50% of the young respondents are single, 20% of them are married without having children and 20% are with married status and blessed with one children. Only 10% of the respondents with higher household size with two or more children in a family. Table 3: Distribution of Young Starter Survey PR1MA Respondents by Household Size Household Size Number of response Percentage Single 5 50% Married with no children 2 20% Married and have 1 children 2 20% Married and have 2 or more children 1 10% Total 10 100% 5.0 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS According to a study from Azriyati (2013), middle income households can be categorized into three sub-categories; Low-Middle Income, Middle-Middle Income and Upper-Middle Income. Table 4: Categorization Income for Middle Income Group. Extracted from Azriyati (2013) City Income Category Lower-Middle Middle-Middle Upper-Middle Kuala Lumpur RM2001-4000 RM4001-RM6000 RM6001-RM8000 Table 4 shows the sub-categorization of middle income group. The income category for lower-middle group is RM2001 to RM4000; middle-middle group is RM4001 to RM6000; and upper-middle is RM6001 to RM8000. In relation to table 1, 60% of the respondents falls under lower-middle income category; 20% falls under middle-middle income category; and the remaining 20% falls under upper-middle income category. It can be concluded that majority of the young starters income category falls under lower-middle income category which is near to the bottom line of low income group. Table 5: Calculation of affordability rate among Malaysians. (Source: flexZhouse, Zairul (2017)) CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE 4 PROPERTY PRICES RM500,000 RM400,000 RM280,000 RM150,000 Net pay (household) RM7,500 RM7,000 RM8,000 RM5,500 Less: statutory deductions Income tax RM225 RM210 RM240 RM165 EPF contributions (8%) RM825 RM770 RM880 RM605 Net take-home pay RM6,450 RM6,020 RM6,880 RM4,730 Less: monthly commitment Mortgage Installments (6% for 30 years) RM2,700 RM2,160 RM1,512 RM810 Utilities RM300 RM300 RM300 RM300 Car hire-purchase (one car) RM800 RM800 RM800 RM800 Petrol and maintenance for one car RM1,000 RM600 RM600 RM600 Food and other expenses RM1,000 RM1,000 RM1,000 RM1,000 Childcare (one person) RM800 RM800 RM800 RM800 Insurance plan (RM200 per pax) RM200 RM200 RM450 RM450 Parents (RM200 per pax) RM400 RM400 RM400 RM400 Net savings (-RM600) (-RM490) RM1,018 RM430 Household to income ratio 5.56 4.76 2.92 2.27 From the table above, the calculation was based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI), 2013 which has increased by 4.7% (Cagamas,2013). The calculation above illustrates the typical monthly expenses of young starters in Malaysia. Against this scenario, the acceptable range for affordability current middle income home owners is between RM150,000 and RM280,000 (Zairul, 2017). Table 6 shows the price to income category determining the affordable rate. Table 6: Ratio of House Price to Household Income (Source: Cagamas Berhad, 2013) Category House Price to Income Ratio Severely Unaffordable 5.1 Above Seriously Unaffordable 4.1 to 5.0 Moderately Unaffordable 3.1 to 4.0 Affordable 3.0 Below The house price for PR1MA house unit at Putrajaya are based on two prices, RM120,000 for 815 sqft and RM150,000 for 1,006 sqft according to the feedback through interview conducted. Table 6 shows the calculation of affordability rate among young home owners of PR1MA house in Putrajaya based on the data analysis section. It was learned that 60% of the young home owners income range falls under lower-middle income category. From table 7, both case shows negative disposable income of the PR1MA young home owners which is -RM1,174 and -RM1,218. In relation to data obtained and showed in table 3, the household size of the respondents contributes to household expenditure base on the feedback from the interview. As the rule of thumb, the housing is considered affordable if the debt service ratio is 30% of the income expenditure (Zairul,2017). Table 7: Calculation of affordability rate among young home owners of PR1MA house. Adapted from Zairul (2017) CASE 1 CASE 2 PROPERTY PRICES RM120,000 RM150,000 Net pay (household) RM2,800 RM4,000 Less: statutory deductions Income tax RM120 EPF contributions (8%) RM224 RM288 Net take-home pay RM2,576 RM3,312 Less: monthly commitment Mortgage Installments (6% for 30 years) RM670 RM810 Utilities RM80 RM300 Car hire-purchase (one car) RM800 RM800 Petrol and maintenance for one car RM600 RM600 Food and other expenses RM1,000 RM1,000 Childcare (one person) RM800 Insurance plan (RM200 per pax) RM200 RM200 Parents (RM200 per pax) 400 RM400 Net savings (-RM1,174) (-RM1,218) Household to income ratio Figure 1: Non-Affordability Rate among Young Starter of PR1MA Figure 1 shows data analysis derived from the relationship between income category (table 1) and affordability rate calculation (table 7). Based on the results obtained, 60% of the middle-income group falls under lower-middle income category and the rate of affordability was calculated based on the income range of this category which is between RM2500 to RM4000. The results show the non-affordability for this income category. Figure 1 demonstrates the PR1MA young home owners under income range from RM2500 to RM4000 shows the highest percentage of non-affordability whereas the income category from RM6001 to RM7500 shows the least percentage. Figure 2: Types of Alternative to Increase Household Income Figure 2 demonstrates different alternatives taken by the young owners of PR1MA despite the non-affordability burden. Freelance is the most common way to increase household income and shows the highest percentage which is 70%. Other alternative such as renting out room, part-time insurance agent, and overtime stands 10% respectively. Base on the findings, the rate of affordability was affected by the monthly household income. However, based on the survey conducted, the household expenditure which has incl

eBusiness Models Essay example -- Business and Management Studies

eBusiness Models The modern business world has evolved from the traditional brick and mortar to require companies to develop some form of eBusiness strategy into their business models. Ebusiness can be simply defined as the use of the internet to connect with customers, partners, and suppliers.(Darwinmag, 1) The advent of eBusiness has not only grown tradition businesses but has also paved the way a whole group of internet based companies that find the online environment as the primary market. There are various eBusiness models but this paper will focus on Business-2-Consumer, Consumer-2-Consumer, and eGovernment. These various models offer both businesses and consumers opportunities to interact that may not have existed before the internet. B2C – BMWUSA BMW is a well known luxury automobile manufacturer that prides itself on building â€Å"The Ultimate Driving Machine.† BMWUSA.com is the internet website that offers consumers a place to view current models, build and price vehicles, locate dealers, compare models to competitors, and other features that give the customer information about company and its products. The site is primarily used as an information tool for consumers to view the company’s model lineup and gather information on events such as car shows and charity events. The site does offer real-time inventory tracking for its Certified Pre-Owned vehicles but not for new model inventory. The potential buyer is able to view the current model lineup and go to build their specific vehicle. Once the specific vehicle is priced, the customer is offered the option to compare their vehicle to other BMWs or competitor vehicles. The customer is then directed to calculate financing options. The final step is sending the customer inquiry to local dealership via e-mail. There are several weaknesses with the current format as the prices calculated on the website are only MSRP and does not reflect actual dealer negotiated prices. Another drawback is that the customer web experience does not complete the buying process as the customer is required to go to the dealership to make the actual purchase. Customers are able to make orders via e-mail contact but actual pricing information is rarely given via this median. Once the consumer has actually ordered a vehicle from a dealership, they are then offered access to the â€Å"eli... ...ite benefit by retrieving accurate government information and documents in a single resource. The IRS benefits by reducing the volume of inquiries to the actual offices about the documents and other information that is available on the site. Summary All of these eBusiness models serve to inform and engage the target audience and provide an added level of efficiency to the business, seller, or agency. The provider of the internet site has a particular agenda whether to promote or inform and these site provide around the clock access to this information. The sites offer information on product offerings but also corporate or agency information like employment opportunities. In each case, the site serves to improve efficiencies within the firm to market their particular offerings. References: BMW Homepage, http://www.bmwusa.com , Retrieved November 15, 2004. Darwin Executive Guides, http://guide.darwinmag.com/technology/ebusiness/b2c/ , Retrieved November 15, 2004. Ebay, http://www.ebay.com . Retrieved November 16, 2004 IRS Homepage, http://www.irs.gov. Retrieved November 16, 2004. Rayport-Jawprski. (2003). Introduction to e-Commerce. McGraw-Hill..